Journal: Frontiers in Immunology
Article Title: PTN/IGF-2 signaling modulates endometrial decidualization and immune cell trafficking to facilitate pregnancy maintenance
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1790942
Figure Lengend Snippet: PTN regulates endometrial stromal cell decidualization through the IGF-2 signaling axis. (A) PPI network of PTN, IGF-2, IGFBP1, LIF, PRL, and other decidualization-related genes. (B) The expression levels of PTN and its interacting partners (IGF-2, WNT4, PRL, IGFBP1, and LIF) in the RIF (left) and RPL (right) datasets. (C) Expressions of decidualization-related genes (including IGFBP1 , LIF , PRL , and WNT4 ) in NC or si PTN hESCs after treatment with control vehicle, cAMP, and IGF-2 via RT-qPCR (n = 9). (D) Immunoblotting for PTN, IGFBP1, and PRL expression levels with control vehicle, cAMP, and IGF-2. (E) ELISA for IGF-2 levels with control vehicle, cAMP, and IGF-2. (F) Schematic diagram of the experiments performed using the different treatments of hESCs. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed using t-test or one-way ANOVA test. * compared with NC treated with control vehicle, # compared with si PTN treated with control vehicle, $ compared with si PTN treated with control cAMP (NS, no significant difference; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ####p < 0.0001, $p < 0.05, $$p < 0.01, $$$p < 0.001, $$$$p< 0.0001). PPI, protein–protein interaction; RIF, recurrent implantation failure; RPL, recurrent pregnancy loss; hESCs, human endometrial stromal cells; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
Article Snippet: Then, these cells were treated with control vehicle, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP; 0.5 mM, MCE, HY-12306), or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL), measuring the expression levels of PTN , IGF-2 , PRL , IGFBP1 , WNT4 , and LIF via RT-qPCR.
Techniques: Expressing, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
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